Experimental Study on Heat Transfer Enhancement of Modified CuO Nanofluid in Helical Grooved Tube

Abstract This study proposes a novel technology to enhance heat transfer by combining nanofluid and helical grooved tubes. The researchers used two-step method obtain stable modified CuO nanofluid. They then constructed an experimental setup investigate the single-phase of in tube, compared its performance traditional methods under varying volume fractions Reynolds numbers. results indicate that use tube significantly improves convective coefficient. Furthermore, coefficient increases gradually with addition nanoparticle fraction number. tube’s internal structure causes local turbulence at low numbers, intensifying nano-scale eddies inside nanofluid, enhancing fluid mixing thermal diffusion rates, thus improving efficiency.